He was tried by the National Convention (self-instituted as a tribunal for the occasion), found guilty of high treason, and executed by guillotine on 21 January 1793 as a desacralized French citizen known as "Citizen Louis Capet", a nickname in reference to Hugh Capet, the founder of the Capetian dynasty – which the revolutionaries interpreted as Louis' family name. In spite of all their earlier difficulty, the royal couple became the parents of four children. However, the revolution had thoroughly disorganised the army, and the forces raised were insufficient for the invasion. When his father died, Louis became the dauphin, next in line to the throne. Author: Barry Jones. Nonetheless, against a background of military defeat by Austria and Prussia, the revolutionary leadership was becoming increasingly radicalised. He enjoyed physical activities such as hunting with his grandfather, and rough-playing with his younger brothers, Louis-Stanislas, comte de Provence, and Charles-Philippe, comte d'Artois. Discontent among the members of France's middle and lower classes resulted in strengthened opposition to the French aristocracy and to the absolute monarchy, of which Louis and his wife, queen Marie Antoinette, were viewed as representatives. However, Louis XVI and his reign were of interest as well. He ascended to the throne five years later in 1770 at age 20. louis xvi became king of france in 1774 AC New questions in History. Louis XVI Quiz Questions. Louis XVI’s reign will forever be associated with the outbreak of the French Revolution and the end of Versailles’ royal era. Surrender of Cornwallis to French (left) and American (right) troops, at the Siege of Yorktown in 1781, by John Trumbull. This convocation was one of the events that transformed the general economic and political malaise of the country into the French Revolution. In September 1792, the new National Convention abolished the monarchy and declared France a republic. He had been king for 72 years, the longest reign in the history of France. The royal family was arrested at Varennes-en-Argonne shortly after Jean-Baptiste Drouet, who recognised the king from his profile on a 50 livres assignat[35] (paper money), had given the alert. [36] In a wider perspective, the failure was attributable to the king's indecision—he repeatedly postponed the schedule, allowing for smaller problems to become severe. 4) Who was Louis XVI’s mother-in-law? On July 3, 1793, he was taken from his mother and put under the surveillance of a cobbler, … This would not have been possible if he had undergone a circumcision; at the very least, he would have been unable to ride to the hunt for a few weeks thereafter. Mel Brooks played a comic version of Louis XVI in The History of the World Part 1, portraying him as a libertine who has such a distaste for the peasantry he uses them as targets in skeet shooting. Furthermore, he totally misunderstood the political situation. In a context of civil and international war, Louis XVI was suspended and arrested at the time of the insurrection of 10 August 1792 one month before the constitutional monarchy was abolished and the First French Republic proclaimed on 21 September 1792. Please improve this article by adding a reference. A new reign, which would be almost as long (1715-1774), was about to begin: that of Louis XV. From the reign of Louis XVI are often remembered his execution or the Revolutionary period, and his posterity is often eclipsed by the reputation of his legendary wife, Marie-Antoinette. Memorial to Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, sculptures by Edme Gaulle and Pierre Petitot in the Basilica of Saint-Denis. The future Louis XVI was born at Versailles in August 1754. [25][29] Suffren became the ally of Hyder Ali in the Second Anglo-Mysore War against British rule in India, in 1782–1783, fighting the British fleet along the coasts of India and Ceylon. In 1789, when the situation was rapidly deteriorating, he convened the Estates General, an advisory assembly of different socioeconomic classes including the clergy, nobility, and the commoners, to address the fiscal crisis. Louis XVI Quiz Questions with Answers. Like his mother and father, he thought that the Austrians were treacherous and the Prussians were overly ambitious. Opinions vary as to who the 'first' French king was, and the following list includes all of the transitional monarchs, including the Carolingian and not French Louis I. mini567 mini567 18.08.2020 History Secondary School +5 pts. Ask your question. He became king in 1643. asked Nov 14, 2017 in Class IX Social Science by navnit40 (-4,939 points) 0 votes. Louis XVI was the King of France and Navarre from 1774 to 1791, when he became the King of the French until he was deposed and executed in 1792. Because of this, the young prince was sidelined and not trained for royal duties. The empty pedestal in front of him had supported a statue of his grandfather, Louis XV, now torn down during the revolution. As a last-ditch attempt to get new monetary reforms approved, Louis XVI convoked the Estates-General on 8 August 1788, setting the date of their opening at 1 May 1789. In 1774, with the death of King Louis XV, Louis and Marie were crowned king and queen of France. France's alliance with Austria had pulled the country into the disastrous Seven Years' War, in which it was defeated by the British, both in Europe and in North America. Out of seven children, he was the second son of Louis, the Dauphin of France, and thus the grandson of Louis XV of France. Louis XIV was born on September 5, 1638, in Saint-Germaine-en-Laye, France. Everyone realized that war was imminent. Can't the King do it?"[10]. While the revolutionary government frantically raised fresh troops and reorganised its armies, a Prussian-Austrian army under Charles William Ferdinand, Duke of Brunswick assembled at Coblenz on the Rhine. Louis the 16th’s younger brothers also became king after the French Revolution, Louis the 18th, and Charles the 10th. After the situation had been defused by La Fayette, who was leading the Garde nationale, the king and his family were brought by the crowd to the Tuileries Palace in Paris. His fear of being manipulated by her for Imperial purposes caused him to behave coldly towards her in public. His mother was Marie-Josèphe of Saxony, the daughter of Frederick Augustus II of Saxony, Prince-Elector of Saxony and King of Poland. Meanwhile, accusations of frivolity, extravagance and scandalous behaviour against the queen, Marie Antoinette, further discredited the monarchy. In 1780, France sent Rochambeau and de Grasse to help the Americans, along with large land and naval forces. The anger of the populace boiled over on 10 August when an armed mob – with the backing of a new municipal government of Paris that came to be known as the Insurrectional Paris Commune – besieged the Tuileries Palace. He had an enormous responsibility, as the government was deeply in debt, and resentment to 'despotic' monarchy was on the rise. While some were returned to France at the 1763 Treaty of Paris a vast swathe of North America was ceded to the British. ♣️ ÁHOLA BRAÎNLIAC♣️ Here is your answer Louis XVI became the king of France on 10 May 1774.☺️Hope it helps you☺️♥️ Thank you♥️ 1. One questioned, "Can the King do it? Since France was at war with Austria and Prussia, Louis XVII became a valuable pawn in negotiations between the revolutionary government and its enemies. France still maintained a strong influence in the West Indies, and in India maintained five trading posts, leaving opportunities for disputes and power-play with Great Britain.[25]. Little by little, we will find reasons for sacrificing the many for the happiness of the many, and we will think it was a bargain."[40]. Log in. [28], Louis XVI hoped to use the American Revolutionary War as an opportunity to expel the British from India. Louis XVI (1754 – 1793), born Louis-Auguste, was King of France from 1774 until his deposition in 1792, although his formal title after 1791 was King of the French. By Marie Louise Élisabeth Vigée-Lebrun. 1. At that time he was still immature, lacking in self-confidence, austere in manner, and, because of a physical defect (later remedied by an operation), unable to consummate his marriage. He was the third son of the dauphin or heir. Louis-Philippe d'Orléans was born on October 6, 1773, in Paris, France. Dumouriez prepared an immediate invasion of the Austrian Netherlands, where he expected the local population to rise against Austrian rule. In 1789, in a last-ditch attempt to resolve his countrys financial crisis, Louis assembled the States-General, a national assembly that represented the three estates of the French peoplethe nobles, the clergy, and the commons. The blood sample was taken from a gourd carved to commemorate the heroes of the French Revolution that had, according to legend, been used to house Louis's blood.[47]. In effect, he headed a secret council of advisers to the King that tried to preserve the Monarchy; these schemes proved unsuccessful, and were exposed later as the armoire de fer scandal. In the end, the Legislative Assembly, supported by Louis, declared war on the Holy Roman Empire first, voting for war on 20 April 1792, after a long list of grievances was presented to it by the foreign minister, Charles François Dumouriez. Join now. Using the fatality of his daddy in 1765, Louis became the new heir to the throne of France. As a consequence, Bussy moved his troops to the Isle de France (now Mauritius) and later contributed to the French effort in India in 1783. Despite this, he still hoped to avoid war. Louis XVI is the only King of France ever to be executed, and his death brought an end to more than a thousand years of continuous French monarchy. Louis-Charles, the dauphin of France and future Louis XVII. The King, Louis XVI of the Bourbon family of kings ascended the throne of France. 31 "The Revolution" or "La Paix", Mov. 1. Louis's elder sons, Pippin, Lothair and Louis the German, had maintained a delicate if uneasy balance, and when Louis attempted to reorganize the empire to include little Charles, resentment raised its ugly head. Mirabeau's death, and Louis's indecision, fatally weakened negotiations between the Crown and moderate politicians. Though related to King Louis XVI, Louis-Philippe, like his father, was a supporter of the French Revolution. He was the third son of the dauphin or heir. Hardman, John. By the time that Louis-Auguste and Marie-Antoinette were married, the French people generally regarded the Austrian alliance with dislike, and Marie-Antoinette was seen as an unwelcome foreigner. Philippe Égalité, formerly the duke of Orléans and Louis' own cousin, voted for Louis' execution, a cause of much future bitterness among French monarchists. Louis XVI (born Louis-Auguste; August 23, 1754–January 21, 1793) was the French king whose reign collapsed because of the French Revolution.His failure to grasp the situation and to compromise, coupled with his requests for foreign intervention, were factors that led to his execution by guillotine and the creation of the new republic. Read more. [6] For the young couple, the marriage was initially amiable but distant. His progressive ideas and schemes are touted to be ahead of its time. Thus, he became king when he was four years old. Therefore, Louis XVI became the new dauphin and eventually King instead of his father. Though related to King Louis XVI, Louis-Philippe, like his father, was a supporter of the French Revolution. Louis XVII, the second son of King Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette, died in captivity during the French Revolution at the age of 10. The two writers did not share the same sociopolitical vision, but they agreed that, even though the monarchy was rightly ended in 1792, the lives of the royal family should have been spared. Synopsis. The monarchs of the Kingdom of France and its predecessors (and successor monarchies) … Encyclopedia of the Age of Political Ideals, http://www.tigerandthistle.net/tipu315.htm, "The History Project - University of California,, Davis", http://historyproject.ucdavis.edu/ic/standard/5.00/5.3_1.00/13161.html, http://books.google.com/books?id=Fk_RaalNQAQC&pg=PA183, http://belleindochine.free.fr/2TraiteVersaillesEvequeAdran.htm, "Blood of Louis XVI 'found in gourd container'", http://www.bbc.co.uk/news/world-europe-20882305, Encyclopaedia Britannica, Louis XVI – full access article, https://military.wikia.org/wiki/Louis_XVI_of_France?oldid=4395103, The city of Louisville, Kentucky, is named for Louis XVI. ", McGill, Frank N. "Execution of Louis XVI" in. Michelet argued that the death of the former king would lead to the acceptance of violence as a tool for happiness. Louis had appointed the baron de Breteuil to act as plenipotentiary, dealing with other foreign heads of state in an attempt to bring about a counter-revolution. On Monday, 21 January 1793, Louis XVI was beheaded by guillotine on the Place de la Révolution. louis xvi became king of france in 1774 AC New questions in History. 0 votes . Joseph described the couple as "complete fumblers" but with his advice, Louis began to apply himself more effectively to his duties as a husband, and sometime in the third week of August 1777 Marie Antoinette finally became the true queen of France. The most well-known episode regarding the ending of France’s monarchy is the 1789 Revolution which led to the deaths of King Louis XVI and Queen Marie-Antoinette. This article does not contain any citations or references. He declared himself king after the death in the Temple Prison of Louis XVII, who was but ten years old. The ensuing debt and financial crisis contributed to the unpopularity of the Ancien Régime which culminated at the Estates-General of 1789. It is agreed that while Louis's blood dripped to the ground many members of the crowd ran forward to dip their handkerchiefs in it. 37-39. Great Britain declared war the same year, and the French Revolution only became … From 1776 Louis XVI actively supported the North American colonists, who were seeking their independence from Great Britain, which was realized in the 1783 Treaty of Paris. On 15 January 1793, the Convention, composed of 721 deputies, voted on the verdict. Louis the 16th’s younger brothers also became king after the French Revolution, Louis the 18th, and Charles the 10th. Published in 1994. In 1789, the storming of the Bastille during riots in Paris marked the beginning of the French Revolution. "The Execution of Louis XVI and the End of the French Monarchy. Louis was found guilty of treason and executed at the guillotine on 21 January 1793. Louis XVI (23 August 1754 – 21 January 1793) was the King of France from 1774 until 1792, when the monarchy was abolished during the French Revolution.His overthrow and execution ended a monarchy that was over 1,000 years old, although he was not the last French king.. Louis came from the House of Bourbon.He became the king at the age of 20, after the death of his grandfather Louis XV. Answered When did Louis XVI become the king of France? Ask your question. Louis Ferdinand, dauphin of France, who died aged 36 and was the only son of Louis XV, then King of France. Louis XVI was 20 years old when he became the king of France. [32] As the French regime was under considerable strain, France was unable to follow through with the application of the Treaty, but Mgr Pigneau de Béhaine persisted in his efforts and with the support of French individuals and traders mounted a force of French soldiers and officers that would contribute to the modernization of the armies of Nguyễn Ánh, contributing to his victory and his reconquest of all of Vietnam by 1802. As the heir, Louis was taught to avoid letting others know of his true feelings, which led to a disagreement among historians about his true intelligence. Louis-Auguste became Louis XVI, king of France, in 1774, upon his grandfather’s passing. Louis XVI was wholly disappointed in his aims of recovering Canada, India and other islands in the West Indies from Britain, as they were too well defended and the Royal Navy made any invasion attempt impossible. "[19] In spite of his indecisiveness, Louis XVI was determined to be a good king, stating that he "must always consult public opinion; it is never wrong. Whom did France help under Louis XVI to gain their independence? He was the only king of France to be executed. However, Louis XVI and his reign were of interest as well. A Chronicle of the French Revolution, http://books.google.com/books?id=nkJqSmHcd5oC&pg=PA24, "The Truth About Louis XVI's Marital Difficulties", http://www.historyofcircumcision.net/index.php?option=content&task=view&id=78. On May 10, 1774, Louis Auguste became Louis XVI upon the death of his grandfather, Louis XV. Louis was born at Versailles on 23 August 1754. Necker concealed the crisis from the public by explaining only that ordinary revenues exceeded ordinary expenses, and not mentioning the loans. The Girondins were partial to keeping the deposed king under arrest, both as a hostage and a guarantee for the future. In the spring of 1776, Vergennes, the Foreign Secretary, saw an opportunity to humiliate France's long-standing enemy, Great Britain, as well as recover territory lost during the Seven Years' War, by supporting the American Revolution. On 27 August, Leopold and King Frederick William II of Prussia, in consultation with émigrés French nobles, issued the Declaration of Pillnitz, which declared the interest of the monarchs of Europe in the well-being of Louis and his family, and threatened vague but severe consequences if anything should befall them. Britain's victories had seen them capture most of France's colonial territories. On 21 September, the National Assembly declared France to be a Republic and abolished the Monarchy. He attempted to gain public favor in 1781 when he had published the first ever statement of the French Crown's expenses and accounts, the Compte rendu au roi. Within three short months, the majority of the king's executive authority had been transferred to the elected representatives of the people's nation. New York: Oxford University Press, 2000. pp. 288 of the deputies voted against death and for some other alternative, mainly some means of imprisonment or exile. - 25135712 1. More recently, he was depicted in the 2006 film Marie Antoinette by Jason Schwartzman. [27] When news of this reached London, the government of Lord North fell in March 1782 and Great Britain immediately sued for peace terms; however, France delayed the end of the war until September 1783 in the hope of overrunning more British colonies in India and the West Indies. [7] Over time, the couple became closer, though while their marriage was reportedly consummated in July 1773, it was not in fact really so until 1777. ", Doyle, William. His desire to be loved by his people is evident in the prefaces of many of his edicts that would often explain the nature and good intention of his actions as benefiting the people. The next day, a motion to grant Louis XVI reprieve from the death sentence was voted down: 310 of the deputies requested mercy, but 380 voted for the immediate execution of the death penalty. Christian Ernst, Margrave of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, Christiane Eberhardine of Brandenburg-Bayreuth, John Frederick, Duke of Brunswick-Lüneburg, "History of the French Revolution from 1789 to 1814", http://www.gutenberg.org/dirs/etext06/8hfrr10.txt, Citizens. On the death of his grandfather Louis XV, Louis succeeded to the French throne on May 10, 1774. The war cost 1,066 million livres, financed by new loans at high interest (with no new taxes). While none doubted Louis's intellectual ability to rule France, it was quite clear that, although raised as the Dauphin since 1765, he lacked firmness and decisiveness. The 19th-century historian Jules Michelet attributed the restoration of the French monarchy to the sympathy that had been engendered by the execution of Louis XVI. [46] This account was proven true in 2012 after a DNA comparison linked blood thought to be from Louis XVI's beheading to DNA taken from tissue samples originating from what was long thought to be the mummified head of Henry IV of France. One suggestion is that Louis-Auguste suffered from a physiological dysfunction,[11] most often thought to be phimosis, a suggestion first made in late 1772 by the royal doctors. The Edict of Versailles did not legally proclaim freedom of religion in France – this took two more years, with the Declaration of the Rights of Man and Citizen of 1789 – however, it was an important step in eliminating religious tensions and it officially ended religious persecution within his realm. 4 answers. Citizen Louis Capet. The French expeditionary force arrived in North America in July 1780. The executioner, Charles Henri Sanson, testified that the former king had bravely met his fate. He aimed to earn the love of his people by reinstating the parlements. At birth, Louis was third in line to the French throne. He was guillotined in 1793. Louis XVI, who belonged to the Royal House of Bourbon, became King of France in 1774 when his grandfather Louis XV died. On one hand, Louis was nowhere near as reactionary as his brothers, the comte de Provence[citation needed] and the comte d'Artois, and he repeatedly sent messages to them requesting a halt to their attempts to launch counter-coups. After a week of agonising pain, four days before his 77th birthday, Louis XIV died in Versailles just after 8.15 am on 1 September. Given overwhelming evidence of Louis's collusion with the invaders, the verdict was a foregone conclusion – with 693 deputies voting guilty, none for acquittal, with 23 abstaining. In 1770, at the age of fifteen, Louis XVI married Marie Antoinette, the fourteen year old daughter of the Emperor and Empress of Austria. Throughout his 38 years of life, the so-called last King of France (at least before the 18th century French Revolution) went by many names. There are also accounts of a blood-curdling scream issuing from Louis after the blade fell but this is unlikely, since the blade severed Louis's spine. Ask your question. Louis's doctors were not in favour of the surgery – the operation was delicate and traumatic, and capable of doing "as much harm as good" to an adult male. He was particularly irked by being kept essentially as a prisoner in the Tuileries, and by the refusal of the new regime to allow him to have confessors and priests of his choice rather than 'constitutional priests' pledged to the state and not the Roman Catholic Church. France also intervened in Cochinchina following Mgr Pigneau de Béhaine's intervention to obtain military aid. 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