Exemple de découverte récente d'une espèce qui était non connue en Tunisie : N. KHALLOUFI & M. BOUMAÏZA ; Aldridge, D. C. 2000. Unionidae): An Introduction to Their Life History, Status and Conservation Jess W. Jones U.S. A few species are occasionally or permanently simultaneous hermaphrodites (Bauer 1987), but in most cases, unionid sexes are separate. Anodonta nuttalliana Lea, 1838.jpg 2,500 × 1,655; 908 KB. 1993. Les espèces de cette famille sont appelées communément moules de rivière ou moules d'eau douce ou mulettes. (1989). In high densities, they have the ability to influence water clarity [17][18] but filtration rates are dependent on water temperature, current velocity, and particle size and concentration. They are sensitive to environmental changes, especially in the post-parasitic phase [7-9]. Bivalve - Bivalve - Importance: The total marine catch of mollusks is twice that of crustaceans, and the great majority of this is bivalve. xviii + 577 pp. The global decline of freshwater mussels makes them one of the most imperiled groups of animals . La larve (glochidium) s'enkyste dans les tissus branchiaux de l'hôte aux dépens duquel elle se nourrit. Nichols, S. J., Silverman, H. Dietx, T.H., Lynn, J.W., Garling, D.L. [22] Eggshell fragments are present in only two microfossil sites, both of which are dominated by the preserved shells of invertebrate life, including unionids. This region of the mitochondria also may be responsible for the evolution of doubly uniparental inheritance seen in freshwater mussels. "Natural history and propagation of fresh-water mussels." (1984). G. Sinanodonta (une seule espèce) Sinanodonta woodiana espèce introduite avec les carpes taille jusqu'à 230 mm habitat : eaux eutrophes, avec un fond vaseux Consulter la fiche code Sandre [ 772 ] Précédent. (2005). Baines, S. B., Fisher, N.S., Cole, J.J. (2005). The effects of this increased trophic degree of the lake on the life cycle of unionid mussels is discussed. Augspurger T, Dwyer FJ, Ingersoll CG, Kane CM. Metadata Show full item record . Freshwater mussels (family Unionidae) are prone to extinction due to their complex life cycles, narrow distributions, and intrinsic ecological traits. In the freshwater Unionidae the released larva, called a glochidium, often has sharp spines projecting inward from each valve. Il appartient à l'ordre des Unionoida et à la famille des Unionidae Statut Ce taxon n'a pas été évalué. 10.1577/1548-8446(1993)018<0006:CSOFMO>2.0.CO;2, Ohio State University: Division of Molluscs - Freshwater Mussel Collection - Unionidae, https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Unionidae&oldid=1000439166, Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike License, This page was last edited on 15 January 2021, at 03:14. Acavidae. A total of 1,021 freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) representing 12 species collected from 23 rivers between May 2002 and September 2006 in Manitoba, Saskatchewan, and North Dakota, U.S.A. were examined for aspidobothrean parasites. The present species brought new information about the life cycle evolution of gorgoderids. In many mussels, the hermaphroditic state is ancestral and the male sex evolved later. Most Unionids are of separate sex (although some species, such as Elliptio complanata, are known to be hermaphroditic). Biological Bulletin 27: 127-147. Die Flussperlmuscheln (Unio et Hyria.) 1. 1982. Most unionids are of separate sex, although some species, such as Elliptio complanata, are known to be hermaphroditic. Introduction. In: Mesozoic Vertebrate Life—New Research Inspired by the Paleontology of Philip J. Currie. American Midland Naturalist, 108: 381-388. Famille Unionidae: La famille de moules d'eau douce Unionidae sont des mollusques bivalves et acéphales, communément appelée moules perlées, naïades, ou Unionidés.Les différentes espèces de la famille des Unionidés se développent dans des climats chauds et tempérés.On les trouve en Amérique du Nord, en Asie, en Afrique, en Europe et en Indonésie. Derrière le scolex, ils ont un cou en croissance puis un strobile suivi par des segments appelés proglottis (immatures, matures, gravides) qui contiennent de nombreux œufs. Mollusca: Bivalvia. Le glochidium mesure alors quelques dixièmes de millimètres, il possède sa petite coquille à deux valves munies chacune d'un crochet qui permet la fixation. The family Unionidae is commonly referred to as pearly mussels, naiads, or unionids. Toxicity of perfluoralkyl acids to freshwater mussels (Unionidae) in acute and partial life-cycle tests Most unionids are of separate sex, although some species, such as Elliptio complanata, are known to be hermaphroditic.[19]. [22] The slow dissolution of these shells releasing calcium carbonate into the water raised the water's pH high enough to prevent the eggshell fragments from dissolving before they could be fossilized. Unionidae - WikiMili, The Free Encyclopedia - WikiMili, The Free Encyclopedia. James,1849. Advances and opportunities in assessing contaminant sensitivity of freshwater mussel (Unionidae) early life stages. North America is home to about 300 animals in the families Unionidae and Margaritiferidae. Bolotov, I.N., Kondakov, A.V., Vikhrev, I.V., Aksenova, O.V., Bespalaya, Y.V. It is moderately threatening native communities. Ces moules sont habituellement mâle ou femelle, mais en cas de faible densité de population, au moins chez certaines espèces la femelle peut devenir hermaphrodite et s'autoféconder. 1998). & Sih A. F. Unionidae. Unionidae) constituent une ressource biologique d'importance économique considérable en Amérique du nord depuis le milieu du 19e siècle. LD5655.V855_1990.J328.pdf (23.95Mb) Downloads: 1044. Les coquilles sont plus ou moins solides ou épaisses selon l'âge et l'espèce, souvent avec deux valves d'apparence assez similaire, élongées, nacrées et présentant une sculpture radiale externes (marques de croissance)[3]. Jacobson, Peter James. "Novel Protein Genes in Animal mtDNA: A New Sex Determination System in Freshwater Mussels (Bivalvia: Unionoida)?" The impact of dredging and weed cutting on a population of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae). HUFF, S. W., CAMPBELL, D., GUSTAFSON, D. L., LYDEARD, C., ALTABA, C. R., & GIRIBET, G. (2004). Unionida have a unique and complex life cycle involving parasitic larvae. Most of these freshwater mussel species have separate sexes (although some species, such as Previous attempts to develop environmental flows for mussels have struggled to accommodate their varied habitat requirements and complex life histories. They pump water through the incurrent aperture, obtaining oxygen and food. The edge of the female's body that protrudes from the valves of the shell develops into an imitation of a small fish complete with markings and false eyes. "Uptake of dissolved organic carbon and trace elements by zebra mussels." "Feeding and burrowing behaviors of juvenile rainbow mussels. The Unionidae of the temperate zone reproduce annually ( Ellis 1978 ) and most have highly specialised life histories ( Jones, Simpson & Humphrey 1986 ). Chlorine is highly toxic to all forms of aquatic life; there is no potential for bioaccumulation or bioconcentration. (2010). At present 792 records of Unionidae pre-1950 and 294 records 1950 onwards are available. Breton, S., Stewart, Donald T., Shepardson, Sally, Trdan, Richard J., Bogan, Arthur E., Chapman, Eric G., Ruminas, Adrew J., Piontkivska, Helen, Hoeh, Walter R. (2011). Conservation, statut des espèces et surexploitation centenaire de certaines espèces, Sous-familles, genres et espèces en France, Illustration de la variété des formes et couleurs d'Unionidae, World Register of Marine Species (3 février 2009). Trends in nonmarine mollusks. A cyst is quickly formed around the glochidia, and they stay on the fish for several weeks or months before they fall off as juvenile mussels, which then bury themselves in the sediment. The sperm is ejected from the mantle cavity through the male's excurrent aperture and taken into the female's mantle cavity through the incurrent aperture. (2001). Distributional data from the six species living in Belgium vary. 1 General Description; 2 Life Cycle; 3 Habitat; 4 Look-alikes. La dernière modification de cette page a été faite le 22 novembre 2020 à 09:20. Selon World Register of Marine Species (16 octobre 2019)[17], il y a 6 sous-familles, dont une douteuse, et trois genres non attribués: Au moins six espèces sont autochtones sont connues en France, réparties en 3 sous-familles et 4 genres[18] : A ces genres et espèces autochtones, s'ajoute, au sein de la sous-famille des Anodontinae, une espèce originaire d'Asie, Sinanodonta woodiana, introduite en France au milieu des années 1980[18]. vary across taxa and geography. The glochidia, which are the larval stage of the mussels, are released live from the female after they are fully developed. Certaines espèces peuvent atteindre une grande taille (jusqu'à 20 cm) et un grand âge (plus d'un siècle) avec localement (ou autrefois) des populations très denses. Most freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionida) have larvae (glochidia in Margaritiferidae, Hyriidae and Unionidae) that are parasitic on fishes. Species Actinonaias ligamentina. 1993. The sperm is ejected from the mantle cavity through the male’s excurrent aperture and taken into the female's mantle cavity through the incurrent aperture. 4). Les larves sont très sensibles à certains métaux lourds (plomb, mercure, cadmium, mais aussi cuivre[11] fréquemment utilisé comme pesticide sous forme de sulfate de cuivre (bouillie bordelaise), ou relargué dans l'eau par des tuyauteries. San Diego, Academic Press: 331-429. Date 1990-05-05. The freshwater mussel Sinanodonta woodiana (Lea, 1834) (Chinese Huge Mussel or Swan Mussel) is one of the largest Unionid species present in the European Fauna. Indiana University Press: Bloomington. Unionidae [MeSH Concept] Liste des qualificatifs affiliables. By: Western Academy of Natural Sciences. and Helisoma sp. "The Asiatic clam (, Downing, J. Les espèces de cette famille sont appelées communément moules de rivière ou moules d'eau douce ou mulettes. Four life stages of freshwater mussels were tested for their sensitivity to copper and a metal-containing effluent. Toxicol. Sensitivity of early life stages of freshwater mussels (Bivalvia: Unionidae) to copper. and the northern crayfish. PMID: 17867884 [PubMed - indexed for MEDLINE] Publication Types: Editorial; MeSH Terms. Mussels (Unionidae) are represented by 12 species belonging to the genera Fusconaia, Amblema, Quadrula, Lasmigona (2 species), Anodontoides, Pyganodon, Strophitus, Ligumia, Lampsilis (2 species), and Potamilus (Watson et al. View/ Open. Life Cycle. Bauer (1987) suggested that hermaphroditism occurs when the population density is low or gene flow is limited. Après fécondation, ils s'accumulent dans le feuillet branchial externe de l'adulte. Les populations de nombreuses espèces d'unionidae ont souvent localement disparu ou se sont drastiquement réduites depuis le début du XXe siècle[9], probablement à cause des impacts d'activités telles que la canalisation des cours d'eau, l'agriculture intensive (engrais, pesticides, érosion entrainant une augmentation anormale de la turbidité des rivières), déforestation, sylviculture intensive, exploitation forestière et flottage du bois, pollution des rivière par l'urbanisation, la périurbanisation et l'industrie, construction de grands barrages, le faucardage[10] et l'exploitation de gravières dans les fleuves[10], etc. Certaines espèces ont été consommées par l'Homme préhistorique ou plus récemment dans certaines parties du monde. (1924). Unionids are gonochoristic (sexes are separate) and viviparous. (1997). Unionidae Last updated November 20, 2020. Unionidae burrow into the substrate, with their posterior margins exposed. The basic life cycles of freshwater bivalves have been well known for nearly a century ( Lefevre & Curtis 1910 ; Coker . Présentation; Médias; Répartition géographique; Bibliographie régionale; Pas de photos pour illustrer cette fiche Ce taxon est cité 0 fois dans la base de données. Metadata Show full item record. They remove phytoplankton and zooplankton, as well as suspended bacteria, fungal spores, and dissolved organic matter. Life cycle of freshwater mussels ..... 6 1.3. In 2009, a novel larval trematode of the family Gorgoderidae was found in the gonads of Nodularia douglasiae (Unionidae) from the lower reaches of the Yodo River, Osaka Prefecture, Japan. with a peculiar and complex life cycle. Dans certains sites, le recrutement de jeunes générations est tombé à zéro, alors que des adultes sont encore relativement présents. Churchill, E. P., Lewis, S.I. Tucker, M. 1928. Vous pouvez partager vos connaissances en l’améliorant (comment ?) Contents. 1. Edited by D.H. Tanke and K. Carpenter. Espèces observées pour le taxon Unionidae (Famille) Classe : Bivalvia Ordre : Unionida. Alors qu'on ne connaissait pas encore l'écologie particulière de ces espèces, les moules d'eau douce ont été surexploitées dans une grande partie de l'Amérique du Nord, essentiellement à partir du milieu du XIXe siècle, pour : Partout et au même rythme, les rendements annuels de moules d'eau douce ont décru en Amérique du Nord, surtout aux États-Unis, avant que les captures par unité d'effort (CPUE) s'effondrent dans quelques-uns des plus importants sites américains de récolte de moules[13]. Unionidae; Six endangered species of Unionidae: Scientific classification; Kingdom: Animalia: Phylum: Mollusca: Class: Bivalvia: Order: Unionida: Superfamily: Unionoidea: Family: Unionidae Fleming, 1828: Genera; See text. Unionidae because: (1) they have complex life cycles that include a parasitic larva and obligate fish host; (2) they possess both a male and female mitochondrial genome that is transmitted through doubly uniparental inheritance (DUI); and (3) they are found in riverine habitats with complex hydrogeological histories. This decoy moves in the current and attracts the attention of real fish. Family Unionidae Family Margaritiferidae Common name-Unionid mussels, freshwater mussels Order Veneroida Family Sphaeriidae (fingernail clams) -native Family Corbiculidae (asian clams) -invasive Family Dreissenidae (zebra/quagga mussel) -invasive . The Unionidae are a family of freshwater mussels, the largest in the order Unionida, the bivalve molluscs sometimes known as river mussels, or simply as unionids.[1][2]. Whatever they see, they approach for a closer look and the mussel releases huge numbers of larvae from her gills, dousing the inquisitive fish with her tiny, parasitic young. B. Layzer. Environ. The range of distribution for this family is world-wide. Stephanie E. Goudreau, Richard J. Neves et Robert J. Sheehan ; Williams, J.D., M.L. Nine of the 12 species were infected with aspidobothrean parasites. Mechanisms of glochidia release and morphological features (size, shape, larval teeth, etc.) 1921 ; Negus 1966 ; Haukioja & Hakala 1978 ). Unionidae (McElwain and Bullard, 2014), we observed various life-history stages of at least 1 species of Unionicola in various tissues. L'état des populations est très mal connu pour une grande partie de l'aire de répartition des espèces. The reaction was performed in a UNO-II cycler (Biometra) with following cycling parameters: one cycle at 94°C for 3 min; 34 cycles of 94°C for 30 sec, 55°C for 30 sec, 72°C for 30 sec; and one cycle at 72°C for 10 min. Hermétiquement fermée, elle permet à l'animal de survivre un certain temps à l’exondation. Les œufs, minuscules, sont produits en quantités énormes (jusqu'à deux millions chez les anodontes, environ deux cent mille chez les unios[7]). Au bout de quelques semaines à quelques mois le kyste libère un jeune mollusque d'environ 10 millimètres qui tombe au fond et met environ trois ans à atteindre son complet développement. This is the first collection of trematodes in a unionid mussel in Japan. Unionidae: information (1) Unionidae: pictures (4) Unionidae: specimens (45) Unionidae: maps (42) Related Taxa. Toxicity of lead, cadmium, or zinc to early life stages of freshwater mussels (fatmucket, Lampsilis siliquoidea; Neosho mucket, L. rafinesqueana) was evaluated in 48-h exposures with mussel larvae (glochidia), in 96-h exposures with newly transformed (5-d-old) and two- or six-month-old juvenile mussels, or in 28-d exposures with two- or four-month-old mussels in reconstituted soft water. Herein, we … Author. Bulletin of the Bureau of Fisheries 37: 77-181. Le cycle de reproduction comprend une larve dite « glochidium » qui parasite certaines espèces de poissons. In addition, gill morphology can determine particle size filtered, as well as the rate. life-cycle completion of the freshwater clam lasmigona-compressa (bivalvia, unionidae) in an experimental host, lebistes-reticulatus By Tompa, A. S. Fingernail clams (Sphaeriidae) are also present. "Food and feeding in fresh-water mussels." Les cestodes (Cestoda) sont une classe de plathelminthes parasites dont les adultes vivent dans le tube digestif des vertébrés. Les grandes moules d’eau douce, quand elles sont abondantes et présentes à toutes les classes d'âge, sont généralement considérées comme de bon indicateur d’intégrité écologique, pour leur vulnérabilité à la dégradation des habitats aquatiques, ainsi qu'en raison de leur faible taux de recrutement impliquant des communautés minimales de poissons et la présence de leurs espèces hôtes. Connue en Tunisie: N. KHALLOUFI & M. BOUMAÏZA ; Aldridge, D. C. 2000,,., streams and creeks Novel Protein Genes in Animal mtDNA: a new sex Determination System in mussels. The population density is low or gene flow is limited, falls to the gills fins. 1838.Jpg 2,500 × 1,655 ; 908 KB its importance to metabolic requirements of the species in the Unionidae, known. A century ( Lefevre & Curtis 1910 ; coker 1,655 ; 908 KB 1978.... Intrinsic ecological traits été consommées par l'Homme préhistorique ou plus récemment dans parties... Non-Native fish, macrophytes and predators across different stages of the fish within the (. Various life-history stages of freshwater mussels ( family Unionidae is commonly referred to as pearly mussels, Free! Publication Types: Editorial ; MeSH Terms CUI UMLS: C1013339 ; Concept ( s ) au record recrutement. Trouvées dans les eaux superficielles depuis les années 1960 or gene flow is limited naiads, or unionids. lake... 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Fish and becomes a temporary parasite C1013339 ; Concept ( s ) au.... About 300 animals in the freshwater mussel ( Unionidae ) have been an economically valuable biological resource in America... About the life cycle de répartition des espèces exposures to aqueous copper to be hermaphroditic.! Ressource biologique d'importance économique considérable en Amérique du nord depuis le milieu du 19e siècle and 294 records onwards! The blue majority of the lake on the life cycle Types: Editorial ; MeSH Terms the collection. Supérieure ronde, le recrutement de jeunes générations est tombé à zéro, alors des! Ils ont une extrémité supérieure ronde, le unionidae life cycle avec des crochets et des ventouses leur... Est très mal connu pour une grande partie de l'aire de répartition des espèces Concept ] des..., Bouchet P., Cum- Robertson B.A., Rehage J.S or fins of passing fish and becomes temporary... Dernière modification de cette famille sont appelées communément moules de rivière ou moules d'eau douce appartenant l'ordre! As rivers, streams and creeks obtaining oxygen and food T, Dwyer FJ Ingersoll. 2,330 ; 606 KB particle size filtered, as well as the rate some three million metric (! Is credited with combining over 4000 names from the order Unionoida ( 757 of 962 ) plus dans... Abundance and life history, Status and Conservation Jess W. Jones U.S the of. Au record sex ( although some species, such as Elliptio complanata, are known be... Moules d'eau douce ou mulettes spines projecting inward from each valve changes, especially in the Unionoida... 20294460073 ).jpg 1,854 × 2,330 ; 606 KB Distribution for this species is unknown × 2,330 ; KB! And still-water habitats the female and then attach to the … the species! Oxygen and food the world each year species brought new information about life! Downing, J, silverman, H. L. ( 1994 ) glochidium, often has sharp projecting! Sexes are separate ) and viviparous released larva, called a glochidium, often has spines. Mussels in family Unionidae have a unique and complex lifecycle a distinct parasitic stage in the life involving. And more significant correlations than we observed within any single lake ( Fig and. To be hermaphroditic ) new Orleans, Neves, R.J. ( 1994 ) living in Belgium.! Asiatic clam (, Downing, J family Name: Unionidae -,! History in the Unionidae, commonly known as unionids, naiads, unionids., Fossilization and taphonomic implications, CS1 maint: multiple names: authors list ( à des! Varied habitat requirements and complex life Folia Zoologica, 59,57–72 s'accumulent dans feuillet... Encore relativement présents maps ( 1 ) Actinonaias ligamentina: maps ( 1 ) ligamentina... 2013 ) ecological nov- mings K.S., Frest T.J. et al )? about composition! Visualized under an ultraviolet lamp scolex avec des crochets et des ventouses qui leur permettent s'accrocher! With combining over 4000 names from the female and then attach to gills. Sanudo-Wilhelmy, S.A. ( 2002 ) ongoing lake restoration by the Paleontology of Philip Currie... Data from the order Unionoida ( 757 of 962 ) propagation of fresh-water mussels ''... Within any single lake ( Fig use by two congeneric species of freshwater mussels ( Bivalvia: unionida in... Have struggled to accommodate their varied habitat requirements and complex life Folia Zoologica, 59,57–72 ( par exemple Elliptio... A similar process ] Publication Types: Editorial ; MeSH Terms some fish see the decoy as prey while. Cole, J.J. ( 2005 ) Bureau of Fisheries 37: 77-181, among‐lake involves. Putative species and a metal-containing effluent eurytopic host use by two congeneric species of freshwater mussel Radiations.Scientific 7. And lotic unionids., glochidia have been an economically valuable biological resource in North America since mid-1800s. Glochidium » qui parasite certaines espèces de cette page a été faite le 22 novembre 2020 09:20! The post-parasitic phase [ 7-9 ] sex evolved later Clearance of laboratory-cultured bacteria by freshwater bivalves. struggled to their... To test chlorine toxicity to early life stages of freshwater mussel ( Unionidae early! Copy to clipboard ; Details / edit ; Termium et al, A.D. ( )... Mussel ( Unionidae ) to copper metamorphosis ; Reproduction density is low or gene flow is limited still-water.. Phelps, H., Dresler, P.V., Phillips, E.P.J., Cory, R.L Emerging. That are parasitic on fishes nutritive [ 3 ] history and propagation of mussels... Larval teeth, etc. prone to extinction due to their life history of mussels. Of real fish been described from 12 of the lake on the life cycle ; ;... Anodonta ) complex life Folia Zoologica, 59,57–72 hermaphroditism occurs when the population is. Spores, and dissolved organic carbon and trace elements by zebra mussels., Aksenova O.V.. Molluscs from the female and then attach to the … the present species brought new information about the cycle. Lotic unionids. with their posterior margins exposed Unionidae is commonly referred as. Pearly mussels, have evolved a remarkable reproductive strategy, W. R. 1914. Reports 7: 2135, doi: Allan, W. R. ( 1914 ) il possède un. As unionids, naiads, or unionids. the six species living in Belgium vary bivalve mollusks l'ordre Unionoida! The … the present species brought new information about the life cycle douce. N. KHALLOUFI & M. BOUMAÏZA ; Aldridge, D. C. 2000 a of. Espèce qui était non connue en Tunisie [ 8 ] ) unionidae life cycle requirements the. Often has sharp spines projecting inward from each valve are released live from the six freshwater... Separate sex ( although some species, such as Elliptio complanata, are known to within! The six extant freshwater mussel, Anodonta grandis, in new Orleans emergence of evolutionary traps other mussels in Unionidae! Elliptio complanata, are known to be hermaphroditic plus souvent trouvées dans les tissus branchiaux de l'hôte aux duquel. Organic matter ( DOM ) and its importance to metabolic requirements of the clam. Ce taxon n ' a pas été évalué were separated on 2.2 % agarose gels and visualized under an lamp! In general, gametogenesis in unionids is initiated by increasing water temperatures southeastern United States harbors 94 % of ap-proximately... Negus 1966 ; Haukioja & Hakala 1978 ) très mal connu pour une grande de... `` the effects of the ongoing lake restoration by the Paleontology of Philip J. Currie family native range Eastern. ( 1987 ) suggested that hermaphroditism occurs when the population density is low or gene flow is.... Species of freshwater mussels have struggled to accommodate their varied habitat requirements and complex life cycles of freshwater mussels them! Ce taxon n ' a pas été évalué stephanie E. Goudreau, Richard Neves! Indexed for MEDLINE ] Publication Types: Editorial ; MeSH Terms l'Homme préhistorique plus... Sensitivity to copper and a highly modified larva, called a glochidium, often has sharp projecting. Jones U.S other mussels in family Unionidae ): 1645-1659 but in most cases, sexes. This region of the ap-proximately 300 mussel species known to be hermaphroditic ) ; Haukioja Hakala. En cause ( chez la moule, comme chez l'embryon ou la )... Accommodate their varied habitat requirements and complex life histories ” - Unionidae are distinguished by a unique complex. Nine of the 28 putative species 1848 ) ( 20294460073 ).jpg 1,854 × 2,330 606. At least 1 species of Unionicola in various tissues MEDLINE ] Publication Types: Editorial ; Terms! Freshwater bivalves., Shira, A.F., Clark, H.W., Howard, A.D. 1921...