A movie for S.S. Sparta, on the other hand, was recognized for its military strength. Through cunning strategy, Lysander totally defeated the Athenian fleet, in 405 BC, at the Battle of Aegospotami, destroying 168 ships and capturing some three or four thousand Athenian sailors. Sparta V.S. The Syracusan cavalry rode them down mercilessly, eventually killing or enslaving all who were left of the mighty Athenian fleet. According to Thucydides, the Spartans acted in this way out of fear that the Athenians would switch sides and support the helots; the offended Athenians repudiated their alliance with Sparta. in Xenophon, Plutarch. Athens Vs.Sparta Tyler King Greece, a country united by its name, but divided by its opinions, was separated into many city-states. A further source of provocation was an Athenian decree, issued in 433/2 BC, imposing stringent trade sanctions on Megarian citizens (once more a Spartan ally after the conclusion of the First Peloponnesian War). An oligarchical revolution occurred in Athens, in which a group of 400 seized power. Athens vs. Sparta The two rivalries of ancient Greece that made the most racket and created many of the traditions were Athens and Sparta. << by A.H. Clough. Check Out This Informative Sparta Vs. Athens Comparison Chart. [16], The more immediate events that led to war involved Athens and Corinth. Corinth and Thebes demanded that Athens should be destroyed and all its citizens should be enslaved. stream Several major aspects of society are described so that students can get a clear understanding of how the two ci Athens. Both. This ushered in the final phase of the war, generally referred to either as the Decelean War, or the Ionian War. The faction hostile to Alcibiades triumphed in Athens following a minor Spartan victory by their skillful general Lysander at the naval battle of Notium in 406 BC. ), which took its name from the geometric motifs that decorate its … In addition, the fear of a general revolt of helots emboldened by the nearby Athenian presence drove the Spartans to action. /SM 0.02 From 414 BC, Darius II, ruler of the Achaemenid Empire had started to resent increasing Athenian power in the Aegean and had his satrap Tissaphernes enter into an alliance with Sparta against Athens, which in 412 BC led to the Persian reconquest of the greater part of Ionia. The Original Thucydides Trap: Sparta vs. Athens. Lily Natalia Orest This was a reactionary regime set up by Sparta. Alcibiades, while condemned as a traitor, still carried weight in Athens. Despite their victory, these failures caused outrage in Athens and led to a controversial trial. endobj The first section of “Athens-Sparta” begins with objects from both cities during the Geometric Period (1050-700 B.C. Powered by Create your own unique website with customizable templates. These very distinct provinces were that of Sparta and Athens.Sparta was focused on having a perfect military, whereas Athens made it a point to have a perfect government for their people. Between 410 and 406, Athens won a continuous string of victories, and eventually recovered large portions of its empire. Athens vs. Sparta Graphic Organizer. Bury remarks, the Peloponnesians would have considered it the "Attic War".[3]. After defeating the Second Persian invasion of Greece in the year 480 BC, Athens led the coalition of Greek city-states that continued the Greco-Persian Wars with attacks on Persian territories in the Aegean and Ionia. At the end of the first year of the war, Pericles gave his famous Funeral Oration (431 BC). Sparta is not considered as home to any modern civilization. This tribute was used to support a powerful fleet and, after the middle of the century, to fund massive public works programs in Athens, causing resentment. Then, they must read scenarios and decide what city-state they would want to join However, the city of Athens was by far a much more influential and powerful city-state in comparison to Sparta. A peace with Sparta might have been possible, but the Athenian fleet, now based on the island of Samos, refused to accept the change. The Syracusans sent their fleet to the Peloponnesians, and the Persians decided to support the Spartans with money and ships. [36], A symbolic peace treaty was signed by the mayors of Athens and Sparta 2,400 years after the war ended, on March 12, 1996. Athens and Sparta are the most well- known city-states of Ancient Greece. He took command of the Syracusan troops, and in a series of battles defeated the Athenian forces, and prevented them from invading the city. Athens Vs Sparta: who is Superior. These two city-states had few similarities but were contrasted in many, many ways. 30 seconds . The economic costs of the war were felt all across Greece; poverty became widespread in the Peloponnese, while Athens was completely devastated, and never regained its pre-war prosperity. By eckronat | Updated: April 9, 2018, 8:30 p.m. ... Slideshow Movie. Sparta was later humbled by Thebes at the Battle of Leuctra in 371 BC, but the rivalry between Athens and Sparta was brought to an end a few decades later when Philip II of Macedon conquered all of Greece except Sparta, which was later subjugated by Philip's son Alexander in 331 BC. I chose Sparta because they where a Society were all men were treated the same. Sparta and Athens represent opposite poles of the social and political development of the Greek city-state. Athens stretched their military activities into Boeotia and Aetolia, quelled the Mytilenean revolt and began fortifying posts around the Peloponnese. The Athenians captured 300 Spartan hoplites. Sparta vs AthensBy: Bryce BoganBrains VS BrawnAthens They had a peaceful And well educated society.Sparta They were a strong government based on war and violence. With the treasury and emergency reserve fund of 1,000 talents dwindling away, the Athenians were forced to demand even more tribute from her subject allies, further increasing tensions and the threat of further rebellion within the Empire. The fleet appointed Alcibiades their leader, and continued the war in Athens's name. Although the power of Athens was broken, it made something of a recovery as a result of the Corinthian War and continued to play an active role in Greek politics. [37], "Athenian War" redirects here. Although the term "Peloponnesian War" was never used by Thucydides, one of the conflict's most important historians, the fact that the term is all but universally used today is a reflection of the Athens-centric sympathies of modern historians. Is this statement about Sparta, Athens or both of them: Boys start training at age 7 and were in the military until age 60. answer choices . This was a direct violation of the Thirty Years' Peace, which had (among other things) stipulated that the Delian League and the Peloponnesian League would respect each other's autonomy and internal affairs. � But, due to bad weather, the Athenians were unable to rescue their stranded crews or finish off the Spartan fleet. In him, Cyrus found a man who was willing to help him become king, just as Lysander himself hoped to become absolute ruler of Greece by the aid of the Persian prince. /Producer (�� Q t 4 . The fear of plague was so widespread that the Spartan invasion of Attica was abandoned, their troops being unwilling to risk contact with the diseased enemy. Fearing that he would be unjustly condemned, Alcibiades defected to Sparta and Nicias was placed in charge of the mission. Athens and Sparta Comparison. The longest Spartan invasion, in 430 BC, lasted just forty days. In 430 BC an outbreak of a plague hit Athens. Alcibiades was not re-elected general by the Athenians and he exiled himself from the city. Though these are not very far away from each other, there … These ships were then released, and served as the core of the Athenians' fleet throughout the rest of the war. In this phase, Sparta, now receiving support from the Achaemenid Empire, supported rebellions in Athens's subject states in the Aegean Sea and Ionia, undermining Athens's empire, and, eventually, depriving the city of naval supremacy. According to the textbook World Civilizations, Sparta is located in the southern Peloponnesus about eighty miles from Athens. In Sparta people worship their bodies. Sparta's powerful ally Corinth was notably opposed to intervention, and the congress voted against war with Athens. It is the responsibility of each user to comply with 3rd party copyright laws. [22] Undeterred, a majority of the Spartan assembly voted to declare that the Athenians had broken the peace, essentially declaring war.[23]. That treaty, however, was soon undermined by renewed fighting in the Peloponnese. Only twelve Athenian ships escaped, and several of these sailed to Cyprus, carrying the strategos (general) Conon, who was anxious not to face the judgment of the Assembly. Syracuse, the principal city of Sicily, was not much smaller than Athens, and conquering all of Sicily would have brought Athens an immense amount of resources. The Lacedaemonians, with their neighbors the Tegeans, faced the combined armies of Argos, Athens, Mantinea, and Arcadia. Athens maintained its empire through naval power. SURVEY . Ancient Sparta was built on the banks of the Eurotas River, the largest river of Laconia, which provided it with a source of fresh water.The valley of the Eurotas is a natural fortress, bounded to the west by Mt. >> 2018. Barry Strauss: Athens after the Peloponnesian War. The plague ravaged the densely packed city, and in the long run, was a significant cause of its final defeat. In the 17th year of the war, word came to Athens that one of their distant allies in Sicily was under attack from Syracuse. Athens and Sparta. "He then assigned to Lysander all the tribute which came in from his cities and belonged to him personally, and gave him also the balance he had on hand; and, after reminding Lysander how good a friend he was both to the Lacedaemonian state and to him personally, he set out on the journey to his father." Athens Homework! Athens and Sparta comparison activity. Revolt and faction threatened in Athens itself. Corinth and Thebes demanded that Athens should be destroyed and all its citizens should be enslaved, but Sparta refused. Taygetus (2,407 m) and to the east by Mt. Rising to particular importance in Athenian democracy at this time was Cleon, a leader of the hawkish elements of the Athenian democracy. Themistocles is forced to an unwilling alliance with the traditional rival of Athens, oligarchic Sparta whose might lies with its superior infantry troops. [13], In 459 BC, Athens took advantage of a war between its neighbors Megara and Corinth, both Spartan allies, to conclude an alliance with Megara, giving the Athenians a critical foothold on the Isthmus of Corinth. << 1 2 . [/Pattern /DeviceRGB] As prominent historian J. Tags: Question 14 . 5) Many of the citizens of Attica abandoned their farms and moved inside the Long Walls, which connected Athens to its port of Piraeus. When Cyrus was recalled to Susa by his dying father Darius, he gave Lysander the revenues from all of his cities of Asia Minor. [18] The Corinthians, outraged by these actions, encouraged Potidaea to revolt and assured them that they would ally with them should they revolt from Athens. This philosophy, which was present in Athens before the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War, was now running rampant, and it helped provide justification for the Athenian expedition into Sicily, which played an important role in restarting the conflict between Athens and Sparta and also perhaps dooming Athens to defeat. Parnon (1,935 m). Alarmed, Corcyra sought an alliance with Athens, which after debate and input from both Corcyra and Corinth, decided to swear a defensive alliance with Corcyra. The Spartan fleet under Callicratidas lost 70 ships and the Athenians lost 25 ships. They were the biggest of rivals, two towering cities at their peak, the most influential cultural, military, and trade powers of western civilization in the first millennium B.C. The Athenian fleet, the most dominant in Greece, went on the offensive, winning a victory at Naupactus. Athens was "to have the same friends and enemies" as Sparta. The Peloponnesian War was soon followed by the Corinthian War (394–386 BC), which, although it ended inconclusively, helped Athens regain some of its former greatness. Learn all about the similarities and differences of the Greek City-States, Athens and Sparta! The Athenian force consisted of over 100 ships and some 5,000 infantry and light-armored troops. In the battle, the allied coalition scored early successes, but failed to capitalize on them, which allowed the Spartan elite forces to defeat the forces opposite them. Athens's naval supremacy would now be challenged without several of its most able military leaders and a demoralized navy. They were supported in this by Argos, a powerful state within the Peloponnese that had remained independent of Lacedaemon. Thucydides reports that the Corinthians condemned Sparta's inactivity up to that point, warning the Spartans that if they continued to remain passive while the Athenians were energetically active, they would soon find themselves outflanked and without allies. /ca 1.0 /CreationDate (D:20201003084407+03'00') He also persuaded the Athenian fleet to attack the Spartans at the battle of Cyzicus in 410. These two cities were both powerful and famous but significantly different. However, the Athenian warships participated in the battle nevertheless, and the arrival of additional Athenian triremes was enough to dissuade the Corinthians from exploiting their victory, thus sparing much of the routed Corcyrean and Athenian fleet.[17]. Sparta and its allies, with the exception of Corinth, were almost exclusively land-based powers, able to summon large land armies which were very nearly unbeatable (thanks to the legendary Spartan forces). The people of Syracuse were ethnically Dorian (as were the Spartans), while the Athenians, and their ally in Sicilia, were Ionian. Spa rta. Following the destruction of the Sicilian Expedition, Lacedaemon encouraged the revolt of Athens's tributary allies, and indeed, much of Ionia rose in revolt against Athens. While the Spartans refrained from action themselves, some of their allies began to talk of revolt. 3 0 obj (�f�y�$ ����؍v��3����S}B�2E�����َ_>������.S, �'��5ܠo���������}��ز�y���������� ����Ǻ�G���l�a���|��-�/ ����B����QR3��)���H&�ƃ�s��.��_�l�&bS�#/�/^��� �|a����ܚ�����TR��,54�Oj��аS��N- �\�\����GRX�����G�����‡�r]=��i$ 溻w����ZM[�X�H�J_i��!TaOi�0��W��06E��rc 7|U%���b~8zJ��7�T ���v�������K������OŻ|I�NO:�"���gI]��̇�*^��� @�-�5m>l~=U4!�fO�ﵽ�w賔��ٛ�/�?�L���'W��ӣ�_��Ln�eU�HER `�����p�WL�=�k}m���������=���w�s����]�֨�]. Its empire began as a small group of city-states, called the Delian League – from the island of Delos, on which they kept their treasury – that came together to ensure that the Greco-Persian Wars were truly over. Class, Faction and Policy 403–386 B.C., New York 2014, p. 80. Following the defeat of the Athenians in Sicily, it was widely believed that the end of the Athenian Empire was at hand. Demosthenes argued for a retreat to Athens, but Nicias at first refused. [25][26], Facing the resurgence of Athens, from 408 BC, Darius II decided to continue the war against Athens and give stronger support to the Spartans. Matters nearly came to a head between Sparta and Athens in 465 BC. On the level of international relations, Athens, the strongest city-state in Greece prior to the war's beginning, was reduced to a state of near-complete subjection, while Sparta became established as the leading power of Greece. Sparta . Athens vs. Sparta 1146 Words | 5 Pages. Athens vs. Sparta. The Battle of Mantinea was the largest land battle fought within Greece during the Peloponnesian War. The democratic alliance was broken up, and most of its members were reincorporated into the Peloponnesian League. They had a few things in common, and throughout history, they were at war with each other for domination and supremacy. [27] There, Cyrus allied with the Spartan general Lysander. Historians have traditionally divided the war into three phases. The Athenians managed to survive for several reasons. The two most authoritative states were the two that were always at war. During the subsequent Battle of Potidaea, the Corinthians unofficially aided Potidaea by sneaking contingents of men into the besieged city to help defend it. << After these battles, the Spartan general Brasidas raised an army of allies and helots and marched the length of Greece to the Athenian colony of Amphipolis in Thrace, which controlled several nearby silver mines; their product supplied much of the Athenian war fund. Perhaps worst of all, the nearby silver mines were totally disrupted, with as many as 20,000 Athenian slaves freed by the Spartan hoplites at Decelea. The Spartans, whose intervention would have been the trigger for a massive war to determine the fate of the empire, called a congress of their allies to discuss the possibility of war with Athens. In 403 BC, the oligarchs were overthrown and a democracy was restored by Thrasybulus. In order to uphold the Thirty Years' Peace, however, the Athenians were instructed not to intervene in the battle unless it was clear that Corinth was going to press onward to invade Corcyra. 4 0 obj [3] Tissaphernes also helped fund the Peloponnesian fleet. Unlike some of his predecessors the new Spartan general, Lysander, was not a member of the Spartan royal families and was also formidable in naval strategy; he was an artful diplomat, who had even cultivated good personal relationships with the Achaemenid prince Cyrus the Younger, son of Emperor Darius II. Athens was renowned as a center of wisdom and learning. [20], At the request of the Corinthians, the Spartans summoned members of the Peloponnesian League to Sparta in 432 BC, especially those who had grievances with Athens to make their complaints to the Spartan assembly. [19] Historians that attribute responsibility for the war to Athens cite this event as the main cause for blame. Emboldened, the Argives and their allies, with the support of a small Athenian force under Alcibiades, moved to seize the city of Tegea, near Sparta. Sparta was known for its military might and prowess, as well as its equality. The Spartans and Athenians agreed to exchange the hostages for the towns captured by Brasidas, and signed a truce. Thucydides was dispatched with a force which arrived too late to stop Brasidas capturing Amphipolis; Thucydides was exiled for this, and, as a result, had the conversations with both sides of the war which inspired him to record its history. The surrender stripped Athens of its walls, its fleet, and all of its overseas possessions. Thasos was an island in northern Aegean and a member of the Delian League which had disagreements with Athens about control of precious metal mines and trade on the mainland. With its victory at Mantinea, Sparta pulled itself back from the brink of utter defeat, and re-established its hegemony throughout the Peloponnese. Facing starvation and disease from the prolonged siege, Athens surrendered in 404 BC,[2] and its allies soon surrendered as well. "The winter following Tissaphernes put Iasus in a state of defence, and passing on to Miletus distributed a month's pay to all the ships as he had promised at Lacedaemon, at the rate of an Attic drachma a day for each man." He would never again lead Athenians in battle. The delay was costly and forced the Athenians into a major sea battle in the Great Harbor of Syracuse. Alcibiades demanded that he be put on trial at once, so that he might defend himself before the expedition. � �l%��Ž��� �W��H* �=BR d�J:::�� �$ @H* �,�T Y � �@R d�� �I �� "[7] Indeed, the nearly fifty years of Greek history that preceded the outbreak of the Peloponnesian War had been marked by the development of Athens as a major power in the Mediterranean world. $ @H* �,�T Y � �@R d�� ���{���ؘ]>cNwy���M� Nicias and Demosthenes marched their remaining forces inland in search of friendly allies. Under Gylippus, the Syracusans and their allies were able to decisively defeat the Athenians on land; and Gylippus encouraged the Syracusans to build a navy, which was able to defeat the Athenian fleet when they attempted to withdraw. After boasting that he could put an end to the affair in the Assembly, the inexperienced Cleon won a great victory at the Battle of Sphacteria. /SMask /None>> Both Brasidas and Cleon were killed in Athenian efforts to retake Amphipolis (see Battle of Amphipolis). A fifteen-year conflict, commonly known as the First Peloponnesian War, ensued, in which Athens fought intermittently against Sparta, Corinth, Aegina, and a number of other states. /Creator (�� w k h t m l t o p d f 0 . This debate was attended by members of the league and an uninvited delegation from Athens, which also asked to speak, and became the scene of a debate between the Athenians and the Corinthians. in. /Length 7 0 R The plague wiped out over 30,000 citizens, sailors and soldiers, including Pericles and his sons. [28][29][30], Cyrus the Younger would later obtain the support of the Spartans in return, after having asked them "to show themselves as good friend to him, as he had been to them during their war against Athens", when he led his own expedition to Susa in 401 BC in order to topple his brother, Artaxerxes II.[31]. At the Battle of Sybota, a small contingent of Athenian ships played a critical role in preventing a Corinthian fleet from capturing Corcyra. [9], Friction between Athens and the Peloponnesian states, including Sparta, began early in the Pentecontaetia; in the wake of the departure of the Persians from Greece, Sparta attempted to prevent the reconstruction of the walls of Athens (without the walls, Athens would have been defenseless against a land attack and subject to Spartan control), but was rebuffed. Sparta and Athens Sparta The distinctiveness of Sparta. athens vs sparta chart, athens vs sparta using this in our lesson tomorrow, athens vs sparta venn diagram sada margarethaydon com, athens vs sparta brochure, comparing athens and sparta … The fortification of Decelea prevented the shipment of supplies overland to Athens, and forced all supplies to be brought in by sea at increased expense. Sparta killed babies who werent strong enough and Spartans were told to serve their country before family. At the start of the war, the Athenians had prudently put aside some money and 100 ships that were to be used only as a last resort. >> The rebels quickly secured the support of a Persian satrap, and Athens found itself facing the prospect of revolts throughout the empire. x����_w��q����h���zΞ=u۪@/����t-�崮gw�=�����RK�Rl�¶Z����@�(� �E @�B.�����|�0�L� ��~>��>�L&C}��;3���lV�U���t:�V{ |�\R4)�P�����ݻw鋑�������: ���JeU��������F��8 �D��hR:YU)�v��&����) ��P:YU)�4Q��t�5�v�� `���RF)�4Qe�#a� More battles ensued and again, the Syracusans and their allies defeated the Athenians. Athens and Sparta Comparison Chart and ReadingThis fantastic resource for your Ancient Greece unit features a 1-page reading that describes the major differences between Athens and Sparta. The Athenians crushed the revolt, and peace was maintained. The differences between Athens and Sparta are easily accounted for. Women were able to receive an education, have property, and as girls were trained in group exercises and agility. /Title (�� C o m p a r i n g a t h e n s a n d s p a r t a w o r k s h e e t a n s w e r k e y) The Athenians however allowed Alcibiades to go on the expedition without being tried (many believed in order to better plot against him). The Athenian Empire, although based in the peninsula of Attica, spread out across the islands of the Aegean Sea; Athens drew its immense wealth from tribute paid from these islands. These sanctions, known as the Megarian decree, were largely ignored by Thucydides, but some modern economic historians have noted that forbidding Megara to trade with the prosperous Athenian empire would have been disastrous for the Megarans, and have accordingly considered the decree to be a contributing factor in bringing about the war. Nicias then sent word to Athens asking for reinforcements. The Peloponnesian War reshaped the ancient Greek world. Sparta is located in the region of Laconia, in the south-eastern Peloponnese. For the earlier war beginning in 460 BC, see, For the book by the Greek historian Thucydides, see, Achaemenid support for Sparta (414–404 BC). Athenian manpower was correspondingly drastically reduced and even foreign mercenaries refused to hire themselves out to a city riddled with plague. "Lysander,", Last edited on 27 December 2020, at 18:25, Harpers Dictionary of Classical Antiquities, Kirshner, Jonathan. [15], The Thirty Years' Peace was first tested in 440 BC, when Athens's powerful ally Samos rebelled from its alliance with Athens. Main Differences Between Athens and Sparta. On the advice of Alcibiades, they fortified Decelea, near Athens, and prevented the Athenians from making use of their land year round. /Type /XObject Their opposition led to the reinstitution of a democratic government in Athens within two years. Instead of attacking at once, Nicias procrastinated and the campaigning season of 415 BC ended with Syracuse scarcely damaged. Athens vs. Sparta...Athens Vs. Sparta Throughout the ancient world there were two dominating empires. The Peloponnesian War (431–404 BC)[2] was an ancient Greek war fought by the Delian League led by Athens against the Peloponnesian League led by Sparta. %PDF-1.4 (Beckman, 2016, 116). Q. HAVE FUN! 2 are questions on Athens and the other 2 are for Sparta. Sparta . By the middle of the century, the Persians had been driven from the Aegean and forced to cede control of a vast range of territories to Athens. Athens sent out a sizable contingent (4,000 hoplites), but upon its arrival, this force was dismissed by the Spartans, while those of all the other allies were permitted to remain. [21] The Athenians, in response, reminded the Spartans of their record of military success and opposition to Persia, and warned them of the dangers of confronting such a powerful state, ultimately encouraging Sparta to seek arbitration as provided by the Thirty Years' Peace. Prominent among the states that never experienced tyranny was Sparta, a fact remarked on even in antiquity. The Athenian army, attempting to withdraw overland to other, more friendly Sicilian cities, was divided and defeated; the entire Athenian fleet was destroyed, and virtually the entire Athenian army was sold off into slavery. Athens and Sparta have their own information sheet where you will find the answers and the other sheet is the questions. Athens vs Sparta Athens vs Sparta. "Handle Him with Care: The Importance of Getting Thucydides Right. By Natalie . Roughly one-third to two-thirds of the Athenian population died. 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